Lawrence
Ferlinghetti passed away last month, age 101 years, and what we’ve lost is a
great American voice. His poems were
written in a wonderfully amorphous American idiom, his rhythms were light,
quick, jazz-like, his patois seemed to come from anywhere in 50 states. His poems were vocalizations of the man on
the street who appears to be always next to you at the end of the bar, on the
subway car, the city bus, in line for a hot dog at a ball game, the next guy
holding a picket sign in front of city hall, speaking with a tone sturdy but
quickly uttered, starting in one area
with observation but morphing through the chain of associations to areas you didn’t know were related in any
way. You read him, you listened to him
read, you were never sure where the poems would go but you knew there would be
a point, an irony, a moral certainty tempered with good humor.
Due to his being
based in San Francisco and proximity to the city’s edgier literary community,
Ferlinghetti is often grouped with the generation of Beat writers and poets who
flourished in the 1950s. He balked at the inclusion, remarking that he was
“…the last of the bohemians rather than the first of the Beats.” Even so, it’s
arguable that he did more than anyone else to usher in the Beat Era in the 50s
with his Pocket Poets, Series printed under the City Lights imprint. The first
in the series was own book 1955 poetry collection Pictures of the Gone World,
with subsequent volumes introducing the world to Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac,
Anne Waldman, Frank O’Hara, Gregory Corso, and many other voices, Beats, and non-beats,
who poked holes in the quilt of Eisenhower’s America. In 1956 the publication
of Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems found publisher Ferlinghetti in court
on obscenity charges, due to Ginsberg’s frank and comparatively specific depiction of homoerotic content. With the aid of the ACLU, Ferlinghetti won the
case and continued to publish and nurture writers from the margin’s society
with his press and bookstore and extended his own writing further into the soul
of America, a great country that has done remarkable things, but which could do
far better. He was writing that he was waiting for the promise of freedom and
justice for all to come to be fact, not fantasy, his activism revealed a
character of that wouldn’t abide by the
idea that the Artist was at a
remove from the public, inoculated against controversy. He knew art wasn’t a commodity
to insulate citizens from the harsher facts of war, racism, poverty; his poems
didn’t blind us with banality. Art was not a thing to make us “ feel good”; it
was a way to make us feel, fully and painfully if need be. It was a tool
to nag, prod, provoke, elicit a response, to get readers out of their seats and
into the streets to work for that Better Day. Many an effective activist from
the era had their moral compass fine-tuned and enhanced by the effusive,
chatty, astute poems of Ferlinghetti and the quarrelsome songs of Phil Ochs,
Bob Dylan, Woody Guthrie.
Lawrence
Ferlinghetti thought about things he liked and even more about things that
bothered him, that bothered millions. He was a worldly man, and he was the man
who lived in the upstairs apartment, who owned the shop on the corner, he was a
citizen poet waiting for and working toward the Better Day. His persona was a sublimely self-effacing
Everyman, less grandiose and bombastic than Whitman, wittier than others by
far, the man in a government waiting his turn at the DMV, for jury duty, and
while he waits, he muses about what else he and the rest of us are waiting for
besides for our numbers to be called.
I am waiting for my case to
come up
and I am waiting
for a rebirth of wonder
and I am waiting for
someone
to really discover America
and wail
and I am
waiting
for the discovery
of a new symbolic western
frontier
and I am
waiting
for the American Eagle
to really spread its wings
and straighten up and fly
right
and I am waiting
for the Age of Anxiety
to drop dead
and I am waiting
for the war to be fought
which will make the world
safe
for anarchy
and I am waiting
for the final withering
away
of all governments
and I am perpetually awaiting
a rebirth of wonder
--“I Am Waiting” by Lawrence Ferlinghetti (from Coney Island of the Mind, 1958).
Lawrence Ferlinghetti is the greatest Public
poet America has in the second half of the 20th century. Poet, novelist,
playwright, travel writer, bookseller, and publisher of the revered City Lights
Books press, Ferlinghetti wasn’t a dry academic composing intangible lines of the verse about impossible metaphysics. His feet were on the ground along with those of
his fellow citizens, trudging and grunting along that road, a man with an an unshakeable belief that the world can be made better even although a “perfect
one” seems beyond our reach. He wrote to his reader’s ear, seeming less to
intone from the deadness of the page and more to speak to you directly. “In Goya’s Greatest Scenes”, one of his best-known
poems from his landmark 1958 poetry collection A Coney Island of the Mind we
hear the unique voice again, leaning over to our ear and remarking sotto
voce:
In Goya’s greatest
scenes we seem to see
the people of the world
exactly at the moment when
they first attained the title of
‘suffering humanity’
They writhe upon the page
in a veritable rage
of adversity
Heaped up
groaning
with babies and bayonets
under cement skies
in
an abstract landscape of blasted trees
bent
statues bats wings and beaks
slippery gibbets
cadavers
and carnivorous cocks
and
all the final hollering monsters
of
the
‘imagination
of disaster’
they
are so bloody real
it is as if they really still existed
And
they do
Only
the landscape is changed…
This works as a mast
Lawrence
Ferlinghetti is in that tradition of the public poet, no less than Vachel
Lindsay or the wonderfully expansive Whitman; less a man to complain about how
the world doesn't fit comfortably around the skin he was born in, or muse long
and serially on fragments of memory and half recalled cliches that never
crystallize as a perception. His poems a force of personality that eschews
introspection and opts instead to verbalize, extol, berate, rant, and rave in a
lyric vein at once lyric, cranky, ecstatic, lustful, and very much in love with
the senses that bring him the full force of the beauty and ugliness that is
life. Ferlinghetti was not a ruminator, a worrier, an introvert, a sad soul
contemplating many shades of despair. He didn’t decorate the walls of his inner
life with gloom. There is no melancholic wallpaper in the world the poet finds
himself in, there is no metaphysics of gloom and regret. We need to recall that one of his poetry
collections was titled How to Paint Sunlight.
Not that Ferlinghetti's poems are bluster or weakly transpired musings on a beauty
obscured urban density; his lines are confident, sure, idiom matching rhythm,
not lapsing into a self-parody of hip argot except when he deigned to do so.
His images are fresh and electric, encompassing emotions and the consequence of
things are done to seek truth, beauty, a reason to celebrate the fragile miracle
that is life.
There is little in
the way of introspection, and that, I think, is the secret of his endearing
popularity, and why his poems remain readable decades after the Beat craze has
passed on into history. These are poems that like a good friend, a very good
friend, who talks to you at the bar and pokes you in the shoulder, the man who
would not let you get away with lying to yourself, the second opinion you
constantly get, like it or not, that is a crude but freshly phrased thing we
can call the truth, of a sort. It is, I think, a voice attached to an
imagination that realizes that there are not enough years in any lifespan to
not live fully, senses engaged with the raw stuff of existence.
These poems are
jazzy, a crafted idiom that rings with the swinging chain of associations that
cut through reams of rhetoric and regulation and get to the pulsing heart of
the matter, birth, sex, death, joy, sorrow, glee, calamity. It all hurts, it
all bring sensations we don't want, but this is a man who rolls with the
punches know when to duck, writes as though he's astounded that he's still
drawing a breath and walking still without a crutch or cane, that he has a
voice to speak words of yet new seductions to come or already underway. It's
worth noting that there was a selected poems edition of his work published in
the 80s called Endless Life, which included a section of newer works,
including a long piece that served as the collection's title.
What interests me
isn't so much the quality of the poem but the
concern it expresses, to stay engaged with the doings of citizens he
shares the planet with, to keep doing what a poet should be doing at all times
when they choose to poke their muse and write in those irregular line breaks
that is most people's idea of what poetry is; even as he ages and friends die
and institutions and personalized traditions come to an end, the world goes on
with things to do, people to know, controversies to become a part of. The conversation doesn't end until the tongue can no longer flutter about, the
eyes cannot see and the mind cannot parse.
. I am signaling
you through the flames.
The North Pole is not where it used to be.
Manifest Destiny is no longer manifest.
Civilization self-destructs.
Nemesis is knocking at the door.
What are poets for, in such an age?
What is the use of poetry?
The state of the world calls out for poetry to save it.
If you would be a poet, create works capable
of answering the challenge of
apocalyptic times,
even if this meaning sounds apocalyptic.
You are Whitman,
you are Poe,
you are Mark Twain,
you are Emily Dickinson
and Edna St. Vincent Millay,
you are Neruda and Mayakovsky
and Pasolini, you are an American or a non-American,
you can conquer the conquerors
with words....
From Poetry as
Insurgent Art by Lawrence Ferlinghetti
The first time I
saw Lawrence Ferlinghetti was during a pilgrimage to San Francisco with two other
writer friends of mine in the mid-1970s. The three of us( Steve Esmedina, David
Zielinski, and this guy)-- were eager to garner some literary authenticity by
visiting the places where famous scribes read. City Lights in North Beach was
our first stop, and it was something of a surprise when we walked into the
crowded shop, to see the Ferlinghetti behind the front counter chatting with
customers, answering the phone and ringing up sales. The last time I saw the poet was at D.G. Wills Books in La Jolla, 2005, where I
was working. Ferlinghetti had just published a new book, Americus Book 1,
something of a continuous, epic-length poem, which he described as
"part documentary, part public
pillow-talk, part personal epic--a descant, a canto unsung, a banal history, a
true fiction, lyric and political," combining "universal texts,
snatches of song, words or phrases, murmuring of love or hate . . . that haunt
our nocturnal imagination."
Whatever this turns
out to be, it was an inspired summing up of the spiritual state of affairs of America,
a bittersweet and often comic recollection of the poet’s long journey and long
life on the front lines of culture and politics. He was the featured poet at the
2005 Border Voices Poetry Fair at San Diego State University, an event
organized by poet and journalist Jack Webb. D.G.Wills Books previously hosted
Beat poets Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, Michael McClure, and Ted Joans, and
Wills had the idea that having Ferlinghetti read at the bookstore would be a
fitting and important addition to the roster of poets and writers who had read
in the past. Wills contacted Webb and arranged, with Ferlinghetti’s assent, to
have the Maestro read at D.G.Wills Books following his appearance at San Diego
State.
To be expected, it
was a wild and crowded scene, every seat in the bookstore filled with, poets, fans, the merely curious. The front and
side doors of the shop were open, an outdoor PA was mounted, and chairs were
set up for attendees unable to sit inside. It was a crowd nearing three hundred. It was a cramped situation where everything
that could go wrong didn’t. Except for one thing, to be sure, there’s always one
thing that goes askew. In the flurry of overseeing the setup and directing the
volunteer staff, Wills forgot to disconnect the business phone. Twenty or so minutes into the reading,
Ferlinghetti is reading an especially lush passage from Americus, the
audience is leaning toward him to heart, there is a pause, an intake of breath,
Ferlinghetti begins to read again. Then the phone rings. Wills was at the
end of the store’s front counter and pounced on the phone before it could peal
again. Ferlinghetti didn’t miss a beat.
“Is this Manny’s
Bar and Pool Hall?” he asked. The accent was East Coast, New York perhaps,
American. The audience inside and out gave a nice laugh. Lawrence Ferlinghetti grinned and continued to
read, a man who will continue to be read in bars, pool halls, bus stops,
libraries, quoted in academic papers, and by busboys and waitresses.